1. Krylov G.L. Popular Mobilization Forces (Quwwat al-Hashd al-Shaabi) as a Factor Influencing Security and Political Situation in Iraq after 2014. Social Sciences and Contemporary World. 2021. No. 2. Pp. 126–143 (in Russian).
2. Lebedeva M.M. Non-State Actors in World Politics. Theory of Politics. A Workshop. T.A. Alekseeva, I.D. Loshkarev (eds.) Moscow: Aspekt Press, 2019. Pp. 436–452 (in Russian).
3. Mamedov R.Sh. Iraq at the Beginning of the 21st Century: On the Way to a New Statehood. Moscow: IOS RAS, 2023 (in Russian).
4. Mamedov R.Sh., Sapronova M.A. Features of the Political Development of Iraq in 2003–2020: the Formation of a New Elite. Scientific Dialogue. 2021. No. 1. Pp. 357–370 (in Russian).
5. Naumkin V.V., Kuznetsov V.A. On the Issue of Classification of Non-State Actors in the Middle East. World Economy and International Relations. 2020. No. 6. Pp. 104–113 (in Russian).
6. Tsygankov P.A. Non-State Actions in International Relations: definition, political activity and typology. Observer. 2013. No. 9(284). Pp. 5-17 (in Russian).
7. Al-Hasan T. Tawaquatu bitarajui tahdidati alfasaili didda assaudiyati aqiba altaqarubi maa iran [Expectations of a Decline in the Factions’ Threats against Saudi Arabia following the Rapprochement with Iran. Al-Mada press. 11.03.2023 (in Arabic)]. https://almadapaper.net/view.php?cat=285243 (accessed: 06.02.2024).
8. Ma Wardu fi Khutbati Aljumu ati Limumathila Almarji Iati Aldiyniati al Ulya fi Karbalai Almuqadasati Alshekh Abd al-Mahdi al-Karbalai fi 14 shaabani 1435 h. [What Has been Stated in the Friday Prayer Sermon by the Supreme Religious Authority Representative in Holy Karbala, Sheikh Abd al-Mahdi al-Karbalai on (14/Shaban/1435). The Official Website of the Office of His Eminence Al-Sayyid Ali Al-Husseini Al-Sistani. 13.06.2014 (in Arabic)]. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112015637/http://www.sistani.org/arabic/archive/24918/ (accessed: 19.01.2024).
9. Maahadu Washington: ziadatu ghayri adiati fi adidu quwati al-hashed al-shaabi bilarqam [The Washington Institute: Unusual Increase in the Quantity of the Popular Mobilization Forces in Numbers. Al-Baghdadiya. 07.06.2023 (in Arabic)]. https://albaghdadiatv.com/معهد-واشنطن-زيادة-غير-عادية-في-عديد-قوا/ (accessed: 24.01.2024).
10. Muttahidun: Qanun al-hashed al-shaabi yadurr bilamaliya al-siyasiya. [Muttahidun: The Popular Mobilization Law harms the political process. Al-Sumariya. 25.11.2016 (in Arabic)]. https://www.alsumaria.tv/news/186982/متحدون-قانون-الحشد-الشعبي-يضر-بالعملية (accessed: 17.01.2024).
11. Al-Nawab A. Nakashat Sirriya fi Muhassasat al-Hukuma al-Iraqiya lil-Hashed al-Shaabi [Secret Expenditures in the Iraqi Government's Allocations to the Popular Mobilization Forces. Al-Araby Al-Jadeed (The New Arab). 27.05.2023 (in Arabic)]. https://www.alaraby.co.uk/politics/نفقات-سرية-في-مخصصات-الحكومة-العراقية-لـالحشد-الشعبي (accessed: 22.01.2024).
12. Tashkilat al-Hashed al-Shaabi al-Iraqi [Formations of the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces. The Al-saa. 08.08.2023 (in Arabic)]. https://alssaa.com/post/show/8654 (accessed: 15.01.2024).
13. Alaaldin F. Building a Strong, Capable Iraq Will Shape Its Foreign Policy. Asharq Al-Awsat. 04.07.2023. https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/4415056/building-strong-capable-iraq-will-shape-its-foreign-policy (accessed 05.02.2024).
14. Burton J.W. Systems, States, Diplomacy and Rules. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
15. Cambanis T., Esfandiary D., Ghaddar S., Wahid Hanna M., Lund A., Mansour R. Hybrid actors. Armed groups and state fragmentation in the Middle East. New York: The Century Foundation, 2019.
16. Dodge T. Understanding the Role of al-Hashd al-Shaabi in Iraq's National and Transnational Political Field. POMEPS Studies 37: Challenges to the Middle East North Africa Inclusionary State. 2020.
17. Eriksson J., Grief I. The Iraqi State's Legitimacy Deficit: Input, Output and Identity-Based Legitimacy Challenges. Global policy. 2023. Vol. 14. No. 2. Pp. 363–372.
18. Esfandiary D., Tabatabai A. Iran's ISIS Policy. International Affairs. 2015. Vol. 91. No. 1. Pp. 1–15.
19. Gaston E., Ollivant D. U.S.-Iran Proxy Competition in Iraq. Washington, DC: New America, 2020.
20. Haddad F. Understanding Iraq’s Hashd al-Sha’bi’. USA: The Century Foundation, 2018.
21. Haddad F. Iraq' s Popular Mobilization Units: A Hybrid Actor in a Hybrid State. Hybrid Conflict, Hybrid Peace: How Militias and Paramilitary Groups Shape Post-Conflict Transitions. A. Day (ed.) New York: United Nations University, 2020.
22. International Scientific Conference titled (The Competent Jihad Fatwa: Importance – Contents – Dimensions). Website of the Baghdad International Center for Studies and Peacebuilding. 23.08.2023. https://clck.ru/3DCQ7W (accessed: 15.02.2024).
23. Law № 40 from 2016 on Popular Mobilization Forces. Official Newspaper of the Iraqi Republic. 2016. Vol. 4429. P. 3 (in Arabic)
24. Al-Marashi I. Iraq’s Popular Mobilisation Units: Intra-Sectarian Rivalry and Arab Shi’a Mobilisation from the 2003 Invasion to Covid-19 Pandemic. International Politics. 2023. No. 60(1). Pp. 194–213.
25. Nye J.S., Keohane R.O. Transnational Relations and World Politics: An Introduction. International Organization. Vol. 25. No. 3. 1971.
26. Raza F. US-Iran Tensions and Instability in Iraq: Role of the Popular Mobilisation Units. Strategic Studies. 2021. No. 41(2). Pp. 1–15.
27. Rosenau J.N. Linkage Politics: Essays on the Convergence of National and Systems. New York: Free Press, I969.
28. Rudolf I. From Battlefield to Ballot Box: Contextualising the Rise and Evolution of Iraq’s Popular Mobilisation Units. London: ICSR, 2018.
29. Rudolf I. Tracing the Role of the Violent Entrepreneurs in the Iraqi Post-Conflict Economy. Intelligence briefing. Washington, DC: The New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy, 2023.
30. Wolfers A. The Actors in World Politics. Discord and Collaboration: Essays on International Politics. Wolfers A. (ed.) Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins Press, 1962.
Comments
No posts found