Abstract
The perspective science and innovation plan "Innovation towards a knowledge-based economy" for South Africa (2008-2018), prepared by the Department of Science and Technology and approved by the South African government, is to help drive South Africa's transformation towards a knowledge-based innovation economy. In particular, South Africa would, as expected, be attributing 30% of its economic growth to scientific and technological progress, compared to current 10%. The technological and financial components of the plan are impressive. By 2018, as it says,RSA will be spending 2% of its GDP on R&D (level of highly developed economies) compared to near 1 % now (recovering the apartheid era level). Helped by generous tax incentives, private companies are playing a growing role in R&D. According to the plan, large scale R&D investments are to be focused in such areas of "major challenges" as space science and satellite technologies, bio- and nanotechnologies, energy supply research, fighting epidemics (first of all that of AIDS threatening to become a national catastrophe) etc. South Africa is planning to obtain full cycle nuclear processing capacities, become one of the world leaders in pharmaceutics, enter the Hi-tech sphere of satellite production and launching. Nevertheless, all these efforts on the part of the government, research and business communities seem to fail up to now and may further fail to produce real break-threw results due to lack of a "critical mass" of scientists, continuing shortages and high emigration rate of highly qualified research and engineering personnel.
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