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BRITANSKIE E`KSPEDICII V KITAJ I SOSEDNIE RAJONY` (70-90-E GG. XIX V.)
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BRITANSKIE E`KSPEDICII V KITAJ I SOSEDNIE RAJONY` (70-90-E GG. XIX V.)
Annotation
PII
S086919080000617-5-1
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Maria Bugrova 
Edition
Issue 1
Pages
130-137
Abstract
In the middle of the XIX century Great Britain made an attempt to "open" China and triggered off "opium wars". As a result some treaty ports were opened for foreign trade. However it's necessary to point out to the fact that the opening of China didn't mean the beginning of foreign transactions only. It didn't mean the real start of business relations between foreigners and the Chinese. The Chinese preferred its locally produced goods to English ones. Great Britain desired to consolidate its positions in the world. The increasing of the quantity of British expeditions to China in 1870-1890-s had several reasons. Firstly, in 1870-1880-s the 'great depression' took place in Great Britain. The development of capitalism was limited by the internal market of the country and demanded new markets. Secondly, at this time England was faced with serious rivals such as France, Germany and Russia in the Far East. The topographic research of strategically important regions, drawing maps, language learning needed organization of longtime expeditions. Thirdly, British government was interested not in selling of British goods to China only, but in creation conditions to spread British economic and political influence in the future. The 'opium' wars experience proved ineffectiveness of military pressure on China. That's why it was important to research China. There were about 30 expeditions sent to China, Tibet, Sikkim, Burma, Shan States, Siam, Tonkin, Laos, Manchuria, Kashgaria, Formosa. Strategically they were sent to the most important regions. The main sources of this problem are Royal Geographical Society's reports and Royal Asiatic Society's reports.
Date of publication
01.01.2008
Number of purchasers
2
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717
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References



Additional sources and materials

1. Prazauskas A. Sikkim: 22-j shtat Indii. M., 1980.
 2. The Economist, Weekly Commercial Times, Banker's Gazette and Railmen Monitor: a Political, Literary and General Newspaper. 14.03.1884.
 3. Escott T.H.S. England's Foreign Policy // The Fortnightly Review. Vol. XXXV. June. 1884.
 4. The Gazetteer of Sikkim. Calcutta, 1894. J
 5. ournal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Vol. XIX. Shanghai, 1885.
 6. Kent P.H. Railway Enterprise in China. An Account of Its Origin and Development. L., 1907.
 7. The New Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica Constituting in Combination with the Existing Volumes of the Ninth Edition. Vol. XXXVII. L., MCMII. 
 8. Palgrave W.G. Trade Routes to China and French Occupation of Tonquin // The Quarterly Review. Vol. 156. July-October. 1883.
 9. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. L. 
 10. Sargent A.J. Anglo-Chinese Commerce and Diplomacy. Oxford, 1907.
 11. Tseng Chitse (Calles Chinese Minister to England and France). Extracts from the Diary of the Marguis Tseng // The Nineteenth Century Review. Vol. XIV. Dec. 1883.

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