Везде
AWAY FROM NATIVE BANKS: ANCIENT EGYPTIANS AND THEIR SEARCH FOR THE REACHES OF NUBIA DURING THE OLD KINGDOM
Table of contents
Annotation Estimate Publication content
References Comments
Share
QR
Metrics
AWAY FROM NATIVE BANKS: ANCIENT EGYPTIANS AND THEIR SEARCH FOR THE REACHES OF NUBIA DURING THE OLD KINGDOM
Annotation
PII
S086919080000616-4-1
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Maxim A. Lebedev 
ORCID: 0000-0002-1524-2083
Edition
Issue 1
Pages
6-18
Abstract
Along with trade and military ventures ancient Egyptian expeditions to mines and quarries beyond the Nile Valley were one of the most important means of interaction with alien geographical regions and ethnical groups for supplying the Egyptian civilization with raw materials and prestige commodities. Nubian lands had always been an important source of primary products consumed by the Egyptian elite: gneiss, copper, semi-precious stones, exotic goods, and gold along with livestock and manpower were exported from Nubia to Egypt since at least the Early Dynastic period. However, there is still much uncertainty on the nature of contacts between the Egyptian and Nubian societies during the Old Kingdom. The obvious lack of both written and archaeological sources complicate the process of understanding the real scale of the Egyptian military, economic, and cultural penetration into the lands to the south of the First Cataract during the third millennium BC. The aim of thispaper is to consider the ancient Egyptian expedition activities in Nubia during the Old Kingdom and to formulate some questions raised by recent discoveries in the field.
Keywords
Ancient Egypt, Nubia, Old Kingdom, desert, expeditions, mines, quarries, archaeology
Date of publication
01.01.2016
Number of purchasers
1
Views
1045
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Cite Download pdf

To download PDF you should pay the subscribtion
1

References



Additional sources and materials

    

  1. Adams W.Y. Nubia, Corridor to Africa. London: Allen Lane, 1977.
    2. 

  2. Bloxam E.G. The Organization, Transportation and Logistics of Hard Stone Quarrying in the Egyptian Old Kingdom: A Comparative Study (PhD Thesis). August, 2003(1).
    3. 

  3. Bloxam E.G. An Alternative Strategy for the Transportation of Quarried Hard Stone from Kower Bubia to Giza during the Old Kingdom // Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century: Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Egyptologists / Ed. Z. Hawass. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2003.
    4. 

  4. Bloxam E.G. The Organization and Mobilization of the Old Kingdom Quarry Labour Forces at Chephren's Quarry (Gebel El-Asr) Lower Nubia // Current Research in Egyptology II / Ed. A. Cooke, F. Simpson. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2000.
    5. 

  5. Bussmann R. Pepy I and the Temple of Satet at Elephantine / Current Research in Egyptology 2005: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Symposium which took place at the University of Cambridge, 6-8 January 2005 / Eds. R. Mairs, A. Stevenson. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2007.
    6. 

  6. Bussmann R. Die Provinztempel Ägyptens von der 0. Bis zur 11. Dynastie. Archäologie und Geschichte einer gesellschaftlichen Institution zwischen Residenz und Provinz. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2010.
    7. 

  7. Clayton J., De Trafford A., Borda M.A Hieroglyphic Inscription Found at Jebel Uweinat mentioning Yam and Tekhebet // Sahara. 2008. Vol. 19.
    8. 

  8. Dissouky K.T. el-. Elephantine in the Old Kingdom: PhD Thesis. University of Chicago, 1969.
    9. 

  9. Eichler E. Untersuchungen zum Expeditionswesen des ägyptischen Alten Reiches. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,1993.
    10. 

  10. Emery W.B. Lost Land Emerging. N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1967
    11. 

  11. Espinel A.D. Edfu and the Eastern Desert: Zaba's Rock Inscriptions, No. A22 Reconsidered // ArOr. 2003. Vol. 68.
    12. 

  12. Espinel A. D. Minima epigraphica // DE. 2004. Vol. 59.
    13. 

  13. Förster F. The Abu Ballas Trail: A Pharaonic Donkey-Caravan Route in the Libyan Desert (SW-Egypt) // Atlas of Cultural and Environmental Change in Arid Africa / Eds. O. Bubenzer, A. Bolten, F. Darius. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut, 2007.
    14. 

  14. Förster F. With Donkeys, Jars and Water Bags into the Libyan Desert: The Abu Ballas Trail in the Late Old Kingdom // First Intermediate Period. BMSAES. 2007. Vol. 7.
    15. 

  15. Förster F. et al. Tracing Linear Structures: Remote Sensing, Landscape Classification and the Archaeology of Desert Roads in the Eastern Sahara // Towards Interdisciplinarity: Experiences of the Long-Term ACACIA Project / Eds. W.J.G. Möhlig, O. Bubenzer, G. Menz. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2010.
    16. 

  16. Gayar S., Jones M.P. A Possible Source of Copper Ore Fragments Found at the Old Kingdom Town of Buhen // JEA. 1989. Vol. 75.
    17. 

  17. Grimm A. Ta-Nebu "Goldland" und "Nubien" // GM. 1989. Bd. 106.
    18. 

  18. Jacquet-Gordon H. Les noms des domaines funéraires sous l’ancien empire égyptien. Le Caire: Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 1962.
    19. 

  19. Junker H. Gîza: Grabungen auf dem Friedhof des Alten Reiches bei den Pyramiden von Gîza. Bd II. Die Mastabas der beginnenden V Dynastie auf dem Westfriedhof. Wien; Leipzig: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, 1934.
    20. 

  20. Kaper O.E., Willems H. Policing the Desert: Old Kingdom Activity around the Dakhleh Oasis // Egypt and Nubia: Gifts of the Desert / Ed. R. Friedman. London: The British Museum Press, 2002.
    21. 

  21. Klemm D., Klemm R. Gold and Gold Mining in Ancient Egypt and Nubia: Geoarchaeology of the Ancient Gold Mining Sites in the Egyptian and Sudanese Eastern Deserts. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2013.
    22. 

  22. Kuper R., Förster F. Khufu's ‘mefat' expeditions into the Libyan Desert // Egyptian Archeology. 2003. Vol. 23.
    23. 

  23. Manzo A. Nubians and the Others on the Read Sea: An Update on the Exotic Ceramic Materials from the Middle Kingdom Harbour of Mers/Wadi Gawasis, Red Sea, Egypt // Navigated Spaces: Connected Places. Proceedings of Red Sea Project VHeld at the University of Exeter, 16-19 September 2010 / Ed. D.A. Agius. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2012.
    24. 

  24. Moreno García J.C. De l'Ancien Empire à la Première Période Intermédiaire. L'autobiographie de QAr d'Edfou: entre tradition et innovation // RdÉ. 1998. Vol. 49.
    25. 

  25. Näser C. Structures and Realities of Egyptian-Nubian Interactions from the Late Old Kingdom to the Early New Kingdom // The First Cataract of the Nile: One Region - Diverse Perspectives / Eds. D. Raue, S.J. Seidlmayer, P. Speiser. Berlin, 2013.
    26. 

  26. O’Connor D. Ancient Nubia: Egypt’s Rival in Africa. Philadelphia: The University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Pennsylvania, 1993.
    27. 

  27. Peden A.J. The Graffiti of Pharaonic Egypt: Scope and Roles of Informal Writings (c. 3100-332 B.C.). LeidenBoston: Brill, 2001.
    28. 

  28. Piotrovskii B.B. Dve egipetskie nadpisi VI dinastii v Vadi Allaki (Nubiia) // Vestnik drevnei istorii, 1966, No. 1, pp. 80-82. = Piotrovskij B.B. Dve egipetskie nadpisi VI dinastii v Vadi Allaki (Nubiya) // Vestnik drevnej istorii. 1966. № 1. S. 80-82.
    29. 

  29. Raue D. Who was who in Elephantine of the third millennium BC? // BMSAES. 2008. Vol. 9.
    30. 

  30. Riemer H., Förster F., Hendrickx S., Nussbaum S., Eichhorn B., Pöllath N., Schönfeld P., Wagner G. Zwei pharaonische Wüstenstationen südwestlich von Dachla // MDAIK. 2005. Bd. 61.
    31. 

  31. Rowe A. Provisional Notes on the Old Kingdom Inscriptions from the Diorite Quarries // Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte. Le Caire, 1938. Vol. 38.
    32. 

  32. Seidimayer S. J. Town and State in the Early Old Kingdom: A View from Elephantine // Aspects of Early Egypt / Ed. J. Spencer. London: British Museum Press, 1996.
    33. 

  33. Sethe K. Urkunden des Alten Reichs. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, 1933.
    34. 

  34. Shaw I. "Master of the Roads": Quarrying and Comminications Networks in Egypt and Nubia // L'apport de l'Egypte à l'histoire des techniques: méthodes, chronologie et comparaisons / B. Mathieu, D. Meeks, M. Wissa. Le Caire: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 2006.
    35. 

  35. Shaw I., Bloxam E., Heldal T., Storemyr P. Quarrying and Lanscape at Gebel al-Asr in the Old and Middle Kingdoms // Recent Discoveries and Latest Researches in Egyptology: Proceedings of the First Neapolitan Congress of Egyptology, Naples, June 18th-20th 2008 / Ed, F. Raffaele, M. Nuzzolo, I. Incordino. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010.
    36. 

  36. Simpson W.K. Heka-Nefer and the Dynastic Material from Toshka and Arminna. New Haven-Philadelphia: Yale University - University of Pennsylvania, 1963.
    37. 

  37. Soukiassian G., Wuttmann M., Pantalacci L. Balat VI. Le palais des gouverneurs de l’époque de Pépy II. Les sanctuaires de ka et leur dépendances. Le Caire: Institut français d’archéologie orientale, 2002.
    38. 

  38. Strudwick N. The Administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom: The Highest Titles and their Holders. LondonBoston: KPI, 1985.
    39. 

  39. Török L. Between Two Worlds: the Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt, 3700 BC - AD 500. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2009.
    40. 

  40. Trigger B.G. History and Settlement in Lower Nubia. Yale: Yale University Publications in Anthropology. No. 69.
    41.

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate